Edith Bratt

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Edith Mary Tolkien born Bratt (January 21, 1889 – November 29, 1971) was the wife of writer J. R. R. Tolkien and the inspiration for his fictional character Lúthien.

Biography Early life Edith Bratt was born in Gloucestershire, the daughter of Frances Bratt. She was brought up in Handsworth, West Midlands, a suburb of Birmingham, by her mother and also her cousin, Jennie Grove (related to Sir George Grove).

By 1908 Edith, a talented pianist(Great War 2003, pg 12) had become an orphan. She first met Tolkien in that year, when he and his younger brother Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien were moved into the same boarding house. Despite being his senior by three years (she was 19, Tolkien was 16) by the summer of 1909 they had fallen in love. However, before the end of 1909 the relationship became known to Tolkien's guardian, Fr. Francis Xavier Morgan of the Birmingham Oratory, who forbade Tolkien to see Edith until he was twenty-one.(Great War 2003, pg 12)

Tolkien obeyed this instruction to the letter while Father Morgan's guardianship lasted. However on the evening of his twenty-first birthday, Tolkien wrote to Edith (who had since moved to Cheltenham)(Great War 2003, pg 29) a declaration of his love and asked her to marry him. She replied saying that she was already engaged but had become so because she had believed Tolkien had forgotten her. Within a week, Tolkien had journeyed to Cheltenham(Great War 2003, pg 29 & 43) where the two met up and beneath a railway viaduct renewed their love; Edith returned her ring and chose to marry Tolkien instead.(Biography 1977, pg 67-69)

Marriage Following their engagement in Birmingham in January 1913, Edith was received into the Roman Catholic Church at Tolkien's insistence.(Biography 1977, pg 73) They were married in the Catholic church of St Mary Immaculate in Warwick, England, on Wednesday 22 March, 1916.(Great War 2003, pg 134) Their week-long honeymoon was spent at Clevedon, in North Somerset, and included a visit to the Cheddar Caves.(Great War 2003, pg 134)

A great number of letters dating to the period 1913–1918 sent by Tolkien to Edith exist in the Tolkien family archives but, due to their personal nature, only a very small number of these were selected for publication in Humphrey Carpenter book (see below).(Letters 1981, pg 1)

Soon after their marriage, Tolkien commenced a course at the British Army signals school at Otley, and Edith moved to be as close to his military camp as possible, moving with her cousin Jennie Grove to a cottage in the village of Great Haywood, where she lived from April 1916 to February 1917.(Great War 2003, pg 134 & 231) Due to their wedding occurring during Lent, only the Marriage Service and not the Nuptial Mass had been performed; the couple received a nuptial blessing at the Roman Catholic church of St John the Baptist, in Great Haywood.(Great War 2003, pg 134)

Their first child, John Francis Reuel (16th November 1917–22nd January 2003) was born in Cheltenham. After World War I, they had three more: Michael Hilary Reuel (October 1920–1984), Christopher Tolkien (1924–) and Priscilla Anne Reuel (1929–).

Later life and death Tolkien's professional career at the universities of University of Leeds and University of Oxford resulted in the family moving to these towns. After he retired, he and Edith moved to a location near Bournemouth, where they were living sometime around 1968. Their grandson Simon Tolkien states on his website that the preference for Bournemouth was Edith's, and that she loved spending time at the Miramar Hotel there.

, Oxford.Edith Tolkien died on 29 November, 1971 at the age of 82, and was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery, Oxford; Tolkien was buried with her when he died twenty months later.

Below the names on their grave are the names of the characters of Beren and Lúthien: in Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology, Lúthien was the most beautiful of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and forsook her immortality for her love of the mortal warrior Beren.

Notes

References

Biography: {{cite book

Letters: {{cite book

Great War: {{cite book

| author = Garth, John | year = 2003 | title = [Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth | location = London | publisher = [HarperCollins | id = ISBN 0-00-711952-6 -->

Edith Mary Tolkien born Bratt (January 21, 1889 – November 29, 1971) was the wife of writer J. R. R. Tolkien and the inspiration for his fictional character Lúthien.

Biography Early life Edith Bratt was born in Gloucestershire, the daughter of Frances Bratt. She was brought up in Handsworth, West Midlands, a suburb of Birmingham, by her mother and also her cousin, Jennie Grove (related to Sir George Grove).

By 1908 Edith, a talented pianist(Great War 2003, pg 12) had become an orphan. She first met Tolkien in that year, when he and his younger brother Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien were moved into the same boarding house. Despite being his senior by three years (she was 19, Tolkien was 16) by the summer of 1909 they had fallen in love. However, before the end of 1909 the relationship became known to Tolkien's guardian, Fr. Francis Xavier Morgan of the Birmingham Oratory, who forbade Tolkien to see Edith until he was twenty-one.(Great War 2003, pg 12)

Tolkien obeyed this instruction to the letter while Father Morgan's guardianship lasted. However on the evening of his twenty-first birthday, Tolkien wrote to Edith (who had since moved to Cheltenham)(Great War 2003, pg 29) a declaration of his love and asked her to marry him. She replied saying that she was already engaged but had become so because she had believed Tolkien had forgotten her. Within a week, Tolkien had journeyed to Cheltenham(Great War 2003, pg 29 & 43) where the two met up and beneath a railway viaduct renewed their love; Edith returned her ring and chose to marry Tolkien instead.(Biography 1977, pg 67-69)

Marriage Following their engagement in Birmingham in January 1913, Edith was received into the Roman Catholic Church at Tolkien's insistence.(Biography 1977, pg 73) They were married in the Catholic church of St Mary Immaculate in Warwick, England, on Wednesday 22 March, 1916.(Great War 2003, pg 134) Their week-long honeymoon was spent at Clevedon, in North Somerset, and included a visit to the Cheddar Caves.(Great War 2003, pg 134)

A great number of letters dating to the period 1913–1918 sent by Tolkien to Edith exist in the Tolkien family archives but, due to their personal nature, only a very small number of these were selected for publication in Humphrey Carpenter book (see below).(Letters 1981, pg 1)

Soon after their marriage, Tolkien commenced a course at the British Army signals school at Otley, and Edith moved to be as close to his military camp as possible, moving with her cousin Jennie Grove to a cottage in the village of Great Haywood, where she lived from April 1916 to February 1917.(Great War 2003, pg 134 & 231) Due to their wedding occurring during Lent, only the Marriage Service and not the Nuptial Mass had been performed; the couple received a nuptial blessing at the Roman Catholic church of St John the Baptist, in Great Haywood.(Great War 2003, pg 134)

Their first child, John Francis Reuel (16th November 1917–22nd January 2003) was born in Cheltenham. After World War I, they had three more: Michael Hilary Reuel (October 1920–1984), Christopher Tolkien (1924–) and Priscilla Anne Reuel (1929–).

Later life and death Tolkien's professional career at the universities of University of Leeds and University of Oxford resulted in the family moving to these towns. After he retired, he and Edith moved to a location near Bournemouth, where they were living sometime around 1968. Their grandson Simon Tolkien states on his website that the preference for Bournemouth was Edith's, and that she loved spending time at the Miramar Hotel there.

, Oxford.Edith Tolkien died on 29 November, 1971 at the age of 82, and was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery, Oxford; Tolkien was buried with her when he died twenty months later.

Below the names on their grave are the names of the characters of Beren and Lúthien: in Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology, Lúthien was the most beautiful of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and forsook her immortality for her love of the mortal warrior Beren.

Notes

References

Biography: {{cite book

Letters: {{cite book

Great War: {{cite book